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Urea (also called carbamide) is a simple organic compound, chemically defined by the formula CH₄N₂O (or NH₂–CO–NH₂). It consists of:
one carbonyl group (CO)
two amino groups (NH₂) attached to the carbonyl carbon
four hydrogens, two nitrogens, one carbon, and one oxygen in total
In animals, urea is produced via the urea cycle, a metabolic pathway that occurs primarily in the liver. It converts toxic ammonia (NH₃) — arising from the breakdown of amino acids and proteins — into urea, which is far less toxic and can be excreted safely in urine.
Most commercial urea is made using industrial processes. The basic steps are:
Ammonia + Carbon Dioxide Reaction Ammonia (NH₃) is reacted with CO₂ under high pressure and temperature to form ammonium carbamate.
Dehydration to Urea The ammonium carbamate is then dehydrated (removal of water) to produce urea and water.
These two reactions are often part of a continuous process in large chemical plants, frequently in the same facility where ammonia is produced. They recycle unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide to improve efficiency.
Urea is a white, crystalline solid at room temperature.
It is highly soluble in water, which makes it useful in fertilizer solutions.
It has no strong odor and is essentially neutral (neither strongly acidic nor basic in diluted solution).
The compound is stable under typical conditions, but under high heat or pressure can decompose or undergo side reactions (for instance forming biuret if heated improperly).
Because of its high nitrogen content and chemical stability, urea has many uses:
Fertilizer: Urea supplies plants with a concentrated source of nitrogen, essential for growth.
Feed additive: It can be used in animal feed as a nitrogen supplement.
Chemical industry: As a raw material for various resins (for example urea-formaldehyde), plastics, adhesives, and other nitrogen-containing products.
Waste removal in bodies: It is the main nitrogen-containing substance in mammalian urine, helping remove metabolic waste.
Understanding the chemical composition and production of urea is important for several reasons:
Formulation precision: For fertilizers, adhesives, or resin manufacturing, the purity, the presence of byproducts (biuret, etc.), and the correct balance of nitrogen matter for performance.
Safety and environment: Formaldehyde or other residuals in related compounds (like urea-formaldehyde resins) are regulated. Understanding its base composition helps in controlling emissions and compliance.
Cost control: The raw materials (ammonia, CO₂), energy usage in manufacturing, and handling of byproducts influence total cost.
If you are a business or industrial user looking for reliable adhesive, resin, or chemical solutions derived from urea or using urea as raw material, GOODLY offers products and services that may meet your needs. They provide resin powders, adhesives, and related compounds with well-controlled quality standards, including specifications around content, emissions, and performance. GOODLY can assist with custom formulations, samples for testing, and ensure consistent supply for resin production or adhesive bonding. Their expertise helps clients work with urea-based materials more effectively and efficiently.
Urea is a simple molecule composed of one carbon, two nitrogen atoms, four hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom (CH₄N₂O). It naturally arises in living organisms as a way to process nitrogen waste, and industrially it is synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide through ammonium carbamate. Because of its chemical make-up, urea plays many roles: fertilizer, chemical feedstock, component in resins and adhesives. Choosing a supplier with strong quality control—such as GOODLY—can ensure that urea-based materials perform as needed in industrial applications.
